Localização de centros de auxílio e distribuição de suprimentos em operações de resposta a desastres
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14295/transportes.v25i2.1168Keywords:
Desastres naturais. Logística humanitária. Modelagel matemática. Programação estocástica.Abstract
A localização de centros de auxílio para o atendimento das vítimas e a distribuição de suprimentos essências à sobrevivência são operações chaves em situações de desastre. Embora muitos trabalhos da literatura tenham desenvolvidos modelos matemáticos para auxiliar em alguma dessas decisões, poucos autores se preocuparam em integrar ambas as decisões com o dimensionamento da frota na tentativa de gerar soluções mais eficientes. Nesse artigo são desenvolvidos dois modelos teóricos de programação estocástica inteira mista para apoiar as decisões de localização, distribuição e dimensionamento da frota de forma integrada minimizando o custo total esperado. Para resolver os modelos, foram exploradas variações de métodos híbridos que combinam métodos exatos e heurísticos implementados no solver CPLEX. Os modelos matemáticos foram analisados com base nas informações do megadesastre da região Serrana do Rio de Janeiro de 2011. Os resultados indicam que a configuração adequada do método híbrido pode retornar soluções com até 34% de melhoria em relação à opção padrão. Os modelos mostraram ser potencialmente úteis para o apoio às decisões dos órgãos encarregados das ações de resposta a desastres.
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