Modelo para formação de composições ferroviárias
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14295/transportes.v7i1.219Abstract
Este trabalho apresenta um modelo analítico para resolver o problema da formação de trens, o qual consiste na definição de seus itinerários, freqüências, tamanhos e perfis de carregamentos e tração, a fim de atender à demanda no período estipulado e sujeito às restrições físicas e operacionais da empresa ferroviária. A heurística desenvolvida leva em conta aspectos fundamentais, como frota heterogênea e limitada de locomotivas e vagões, variação de bitola na malha e cargas com diferentes prioridades. Inicialmente é obtida uma solução de trens diretos, a qual é em seguida objeto de refinamento, para combinar trens e minimizar a movimentação de vagões vazios. A heurística incorpora um algoritmo de caminho mínimo e uma estratégia baseada no problema da mochila binário (knapsack Problem). O modelo foi aplicado com sucesso para um caso real de formação de trens da FEPASA.
ABSTRACT
This work presents an analytical model to solve the train formation problem, which consists of the definition of itineraries, frequencies, sizes, and profiles of shipments and traction of the trains, in order to meet the demand in the specified period, subject to the physical and operational constraints of the rail company. The heuristic presented takes into account fundamental aspects such as heterogeneous and limited fleets of locomotives and wagons, gauge variation in the rail network, and cargoes with different priorities. A solution related to direct trains formation is obtained at first, which is then submitted to a refinement procedure, to combine trains and minimize the movement of empty wagons. The heuristic incorporates a shortest path algorithm and a strategy based on the Knapsack Problem. The model was successfully applied to a real case with data from FEPASA.
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