Avaliação da qualidade do transporte rodoviário intermunicipal e interestadual de passageiros: uma abordagem exploratória
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14295/transportes.v19i3.376Abstract
Resumo: O transporte rodoviário é a principal modalidade de locomoção coletiva de passageiros no Brasil. Entretanto, nos últimos anos as empresas de ônibus intermunicipais e interestaduais vêm enfrentando uma concorrência cada vez maior com outras formas de transporte, tais como: empresas de ônibus concorrentes, empresas de transporte clandestinas, frotas fretadas, e, mais recentemente, em-presas de aviação. Neste cenário caracterizado por crescente competitividade, é fundamental buscar avaliar a qualidade do transporte rodoviário por ônibus. Desejando contribuir para a análise desta questão, este artigo apresenta uma abordagem metodológica para avaliar a qualidade do transporte rodoviário intermunicipal de passageiros, segundo a percepção dos usuários. Por meio de um estudo de caso realizado em uma cidade com quase 500.000 habitantes do interior do Rio de Janeiro foi possível obter: (i) os principais fatores (critérios) que influenciam a qualidade do serviço de transporte rodoviário intermunicipal de passageiros; (ii) o Grau de Importância dos critérios relacionados ao transporte rodoviário de passageiros; (iii) o Grau de Satisfação dos usuários do transporte rodoviário, à luz dos critérios considerados, e; (iv) os critérios/itens mais críticos. Também foram destacadas várias possíveis ações corretivas visando a melhoria da qualidade dos serviços em termos de cada item/critério considerado crítico, com destaque para o processo de venda de passagens.
Palavras-chave: transporte rodoviário de passageiros, qualidade de serviços, satisfação do cliente.
Abstract: In Brazil, buses represent the main mode of public transportation. However, in recent years intercity and interstate bus companies have been facing a growing competition with other forms of transport such as bus companies competitors, illegal transportation companies, chartered buses, and, more recently, air companies. In this scenario characterized by growing competition, it is essential to evaluate the quality of road transportation of passengers. In order to contribute to the analysis of this issue, this paper presents a meth-odological approach to evaluate the quality of intercity road transportation of passengers, according to the customers’ perspective. A case study was conducted in a city of almost 500.000 inhabitants from the interior of Rio de Janeiro in order to obtain: (i) the main factors (criteria) that influence the quality of service intercity road transportation of passengers, (ii) the importance degree of criteria related to road transportation of passengers, (iii) the satisfaction of the users of road transportation under the considered criteria, and (iv) the critical criteria/items. Finally, several possible corrective actions to improve the quality of services considering each critical item/criterion were highlighted and special recommendations were done for the critical process (ticket sales).
Keywords: road transport of passengers, service quality, customer satisfaction.
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