Efeitos da variação da tarifa e da renda da população sobre a demanda de transporte público coletivo urbano no Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4237/transportes.v20i1.464Abstract
Este estudo analisa as variações nas tarifas de ônibus urbanos e na renda das famílias entre 1995 e 2008, avaliando seus efeitos sobre a demanda de passageiros pagantes em nove capitais brasileiras. O estudo mostra uma forte tendência de aumentos de custos do transporte coletivo no período, levando a um descompasso entre a evolução das tarifas e da renda da população entre 1995 e 2003, além da perda superior a 30% da demanda pagante no período. Estudos de elasticidade-preço realizados neste trabalho mostraram que desde 2001 a demanda apresenta características elásticas, o que geraria perdas de demanda proporcionalmente superiores aos aumentos de preço. Por outro lado, o aumento de renda da população ocorrido desde 2003 contribuiu para arrefecer essa tendência de queda de demanda. Por fim, o estudo destaca algumas propostas de políticas públicas que poderiam dar maior sustentabilidade ao sistema de transporte público, tornando-o mais atrativo e acessível aos usuários.
Palavras-chave: transporte public urbano, tarifa.
Abstract: This study analyzes the variations in urban bus fares and households income, as well as their effects on the demand of paying commuters in 9 large Brazilian cities between 1995 and 2008. The study shows that a gap between the rise of urban bus fares and the population’s income led to a decrease of more than 30% of the paying demand between 1995 and 2003. According to the price elasticity estimated in this study, the demand for bus services has exhibited elastic behavior since 2001. Since then, the gradual increase observed in population income seems to buffer against the persistent fare increases. The recovery of the average household per capita income since then seems to support a reversal of downward trends in the number of paying passengers and an increase access to public bus services. The study concludes highlighting some public policies that could provide a better economic environment for the provision of efficient and affordable transit services.
Keywords: urban public transport, transit fare.
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