Metodologia para avaliação dos fatores condicionantes da velocidade em regime livre em ambiente periurbano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4237/transportes.v20i1.547Abstract
Neste artigo, apresenta-se uma metodologia para a avaliação macroscópica da influência das características geométricas e ambientais e da sinalização de velocidade limite legal na velocidade em regime livre praticada pelos condutores em zonas periurbanas ou de transição. Um condutor circula em regime livre quando a sua escolha de velocidade não é condicionada pela presença do veículo precedente. Assim, a velocidade adotada reflete a sua resposta face às características da estrada e do ambiente envolvente. A metodologia consiste na utilização de métodos estatísticos de análise de dados multivariados, nomeadamente de classificação e de análise em componentes principais, para a definição de variáveis macroscópicas caracterizadoras das zonas periurbanas, sobre as quais é depois efetuada uma análise de regressão que permite a avaliação dos impactos das diferentes variáveis na velocidade em regime livre. A metodologia proposta é aplicada a um conjunto de 27 locais pertencentes a estradas de duas vias situadas em Portugal, onde foram observadas as velocidades praticadas, a existência de sinalização de limite legal de velocidade e diversas variáveis microscópicas caracterizadoras da geometria e do ambiente.
Abstract: This paper presents a new methodology for the evaluation of the effects of posted speed limit, geometric and environmental characteristics on free-flow speed in transition zones, through a macroscopic analysis. A vehicle travels under free-flow conditions if its chosen speed is not affected by the presence of the vehicle ahead. In this sense, the free-flow speed reflects the driver’s response to road geometric and environmental characteristics. In the first stage of the proposed methodology, new macroscopic variables reflecting the characteristics of transition zones are created through the use of multivariate data analysis techniques, namely analysis of clusters and principal component analysis. In the second stage, a regression analysis is performed in order to compare the effects of different variables on the adopted free-flow speed. This methodology is then tested for a set of 27 sites located in Portuguese two-lane highways, where drivers’ speed, the existence of posted speed limit and some geometric and environmental microscopic characteristics were collected.
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