Jatos ou Turboélices: Eficiência no consumo de combustível através de análise envoltória de dados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14295/transportes.v26i4.1494Keywords:
Turboélice, Jato, Combustível, Custo, Meio ambiente, Linha aérea.Abstract
Na indústria aeronáutica, o combustível é um dos mais caros insumos e, com o incessável desejo por redução de custos, as companhias aéreas buscam a otimização de suas frotas através da seleção do conjunto aeronave e motor mais eficiente para as rotas e frequências que operam. Dentro deste contexto, o presente artigo estuda o consumo de combustível de quatro companhias aéreas estadunidenses, sendo: (i) uma com frota composta exclusivamente por jatos regionais, (ii) outra por turboélices, (iii) uma terceira por jatos narrowbodies e (iv) uma quarta com frota mista de jatos regionais e turboélices. A contribuição deste trabalho reside na verificação da eficiência no consumo de combustível através de uma Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) tendo como premissas retorno de escala constante (CRS) e variável (VRS). Os resultados indicam que as frotas (ii) e (iii) são mais eficientes que as frotas (i) e (iv) quando se utiliza modelo DEA CRS. A abordagem VRS, no entanto, demonstra que as quatro empresas são igualmente eficientes no consumo de combustível. Ou seja, as frotas (i) e (iv) já apresentariam as melhores práticas, mas enfrentariam problema de escala. No entanto, não é possível afirmar categoricamente que os resultados se devem exclusivamente ao tipo de frota dado os diferentes mercados de atuação de cada empresa.
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