Load-sensitive bus headway control for reducing onboard passenger waiting time
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14295/transportes.v29i3.2650Keywords:
Bus headway control, Variable gain, Public transportAbstract
Regularity in the bus schedule on low frequency lines or the maintenance of headways on high frequency lines are desired in the operation of public transportation. Bus holding is a technique used for this purpose, but it may incur in delays for onboard passengers. Previous work based on a predictive control method identified a better performance when the holding actions were concentrated in stations where the buses were emptier. Based on these results, the forward headway and the two-way headway feedback control methods, both operated with static gains and mathematically and computationally simpler than predictive control, are modified to operate with variable gains according to the bus load using two different techniques. A variable slack, dependent on the bus load, is also incorporated into the controllers. Microsimulations of a BRT corridor with concentrated and distributed demand patterns have shown that the proposed techniques improve the system performance when compared to the corresponding methods with fixed gain.
Downloads
References
AIMSUN (2020) Aimsun Next 8.4 Help Online. Available at <https://www.aimsun.com/>. (Accessed in 11/05/2021).
Barnett, A. (1974) On Controlling Randomness in Transit Operations. Transportation Science, v. 8, n. 2, p. 102-116. DOI: 10.1287/trsc.8.2.102.
Cats, O.; A. Larijani; H. Koutsopoulos e W. Burghout (2011) Impacts of Holding Control Strategies on Transit Performance. Transportation Research Record, v. 2216, p. 51-58. DOI: 10.3141/2216-06.
Ceder, A. (2007) Public Transit Planning and Operation: Theory, Modeling and Practice. Elsevier, Butterworth-Heinemann, Burlington, Massachussetts.
Daganzo, C. F. (2010) Public Transportation Systems: Basic Principles of System Design, Operations Planning and Real-Time Control. ITS Berkeley, Berkeley, California. Available at < https://escholarship.org/uc/item/46f4x3zf >. (Accessed in 11/05/2020).
Eberlein, X. J.; N. H. M. Wilson e D. Bernstein (2001) The Holding Problem with Real-time Information Available. Transportation Science, v. 35, n. 1, p. 1-18. DOI: 10.1287/trsc.35.1.1.10143.
Ibarra-Rojas, O.; F. Delgado; R. Giesen e J. Muñoz (2015) Planning, Operation and Control of Bus Transport Systems: A Literature Review. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, v. 77, p. 38-75. DOI: 10.1016/j.trb.2015.03.002.
Koehler L.; W. Kraus e E. Camponogara (2011) Iterative Quadratic Optimization for the Bus Holding Control Problem. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, v. 12, n. 4, p. 1568-1575. DOI: 10.1109/TITS.2011.2164909.
Lima, L. (2020) Controle realimentado de intervalo entre ônibus com ganho variável de acordo com o carregamento. Dissertação (mestrado). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Automação e Sistemas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis. Available at < https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/216157>. (Accessed in 11/05/2020).
Lima, L.; W. Kraus; R. Carlson e L. Zimmermann (2019) Controlador realimentado de intervalo entre ônibus com ganho variável de acordo com o carregamento. 33º Congresso da Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Ensino em Transporte.
Newell, G. F. e R. B. Potts (1964) Maintaining a Bus Schedule. 2nd Australian Road Research Board Conference. v. 2, n. 1, p. 388-393. Australian Road Research Board (ARRB), Melbourne.
PLAMUS (2015) Plano de Mobilidade Urbana Sustentável da Grande Florianópolis. Available at <http://observatoriodamobilidadeurbana.ufsc.br/>. (Accessed in 11/05/2020).
Turnquist, M. (1982) Strategies for Improving Bus Transit Service Reliability. Transportation Research Record 818. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University. Available at < https://trid.trb.org/view/174188>. (Accessed in 11/05/2020).
Wright, L. e W. Hook (2007) Bus Rapid Transit Planning Guide. Institute for Transportation & Development Policy, New York. Available at < https://www.itdp.org/2017/11/16/the-brt-planning-guide/>. (Accessed in 11/05/2020).
Zimmermann, L. (2016) Controle de Intervalos entre Ônibus: Comparação entre Métodos Realimentados Clássicos e Controle Preditivo Baseado em Modelo. Dissertação (mestrado). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Automação e Sistemas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis. Available at < https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/175840>. (Accessed in 11/05/2020).
Zimmermann, L.; W. Kraus e L. A. Koehler (2015) Análise de Estratégias Realimentadas para Controle por Retenção do Intervalo Entre Ônibus. 29º Congresso da Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Ensino em Transporte.
Zimmermann, L.; W. Kraus; L. A. Koehler e E. Camponogara (2016) Holding Control of Bus Bunching without Explicit Service Headways. IFAC-PapersOnLine, v. 49, n. 3, p. 209-214. DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.035.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Lucas Franco Lima, Rodrigo Castelan Carlson, Werner Kraus Junior, Lucas Zimmermann, Luiz Alberto Koehler
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who submit papers for publication by TRANSPORTES agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant TRANSPORTES the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors may enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of this journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in TRANSPORTES.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after publication of the article. Authors are encouraged to use links to TRANSPORTES (e.g., DOIs or direct links) when posting the article online, as TRANSPORTES is freely available to all readers.
- Authors have secured all necessary clearances and written permissions to published the work and grant copyright under the terms of this agreement. Furthermore, the authors assume full responsibility for any copyright infringements related to the article, exonerating ANPET and TRANSPORTES of any responsibility regarding copyright infringement.
- Authors assume full responsibility for the contents of the article submitted for review, including all necessary clearances for divulgation of data and results, exonerating ANPET and TRANSPORTES of any responsibility regarding to this aspect.